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不同高粱品種營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)及其對(duì)保育仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能的影響

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農(nóng)牧科技集團(tuán)有限公司

查看次數(shù)：7768

時(shí)間：2020-08-04
通過5個(gè)試驗(yàn)，以玉米為對(duì)照組，測(cè)定保育豬對(duì)3個(gè)高粱品種日糧的磷（P）、消化能（DE）和代謝能（ME）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總消化率（STTD）、以及氨基酸的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回腸消化率（SID），確定不同高粱品種對(duì)保育豬生長(zhǎng)的影響。

在試驗(yàn)1中，148頭豬只（初始體重18.6 kg）被單獨(dú)放在代謝籠里；試驗(yàn)采用2 × 4因子評(píng)估2個(gè)不同水平的微生物植酸酶（0或500 單位/kg）×4種谷物來源（玉米，高賴氨酸、紅或白高粱）。與未添加植酸酶相比，添加植酸酶改善了P的STTD（P < 0.05）；但在不同的谷物組間無影響。試驗(yàn)2中，三種高粱組和玉米組之間的DE和ME無差別。

試驗(yàn)3中，選用10頭回腸末端安裝瘺管的生長(zhǎng)豬只（初始體重25.9 kg）進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)；與高粱組相比，玉米組回腸可消化Lys、Met、Thr和Val顯著提高（P < 0.05），但各高粱組間無差異。

試驗(yàn)4中，選用160頭豬只（初始體重6.3 kg）隨機(jī)分到4種試驗(yàn)日糧組中的一組，進(jìn)行為期20天的試驗(yàn)，每組8個(gè)重復(fù)欄，每欄5頭豬只。在同一個(gè)日糧Lys的SID基礎(chǔ)上，用不同的高粱品種替代玉米。各組間豬只的生長(zhǎng)性能參數(shù)沒有出現(xiàn)差異。

在試驗(yàn)5中，處理組分別為：玉米基礎(chǔ)日糧、常規(guī)高粱（紅白高粱混合）基礎(chǔ)日糧和4種高賴氨酸高粱日糧（增加了飼料級(jí)AA，替代SBM）。與其他日糧相比，飼喂提供最多飼料級(jí)AA的高賴氨酸高粱組豬只的飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率G：F最低（P < 0.05）；隨著高賴氨酸高粱和飼料級(jí)AA的增加，平均日增重（ADG）、終體重（線性，P < 0.10）和G：F（線性，P < 0.01）降低。

綜上所述，不同谷物日糧組間P、DE和ME的STTD沒有差異。3個(gè)高粱品種之間SID 的AA值無差異；但是，都比玉米組低。結(jié)果表明，如果日糧配制時(shí)考慮了AA消化率的差異，那么在保育豬日糧中不同品種的高粱可以替代玉米。

Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum and the effects on nursery pig growth performance
Five experiments were conducted to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in three sorghum varieties compared with corn and to determine the effects of sorghum varieties on nursery pig growth. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (initially 18.6 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial evaluating two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 units/kg) and four grain sources (corn, high-lysine, red, or white sorghum). Added phytase improved (P < 0.05) STTD of P in all ingredients, but was not different among the grains. In exp. 2, the DE and ME in the three sorghum varieties were not different from corn. In exp. 3, 10 growing barrows (initially 25.9 kg) with a T-cannula in the terminal ileum were used. Standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, and Val were greater (P < 0.05) in corn than in the sorghum-based diets with no differences among the sorghum varieties. In exp. 4, 160 pigs (initially 6.3 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments with five pigs per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment in a 20-d experiment. Dietary treatments included corn or the three sorghum varieties, where the varieties of sorghum replaced corn on an SID Lys basis. No differences among treatments were observed in any growth performance parameters. In exp. 5, treatments consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet based on conventional sorghum (a mixture of red and white sorghum), and four diets with high-lysine sorghum containing increasing amounts of feed-grade AA, replacing soybean meal. Overall, pigs fed the high-lysine sorghum diet with the greatest amount of added feed-grade AA had the poorest gain:feed ratio (G:F; P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed all the other experimental diets. Within those fed the high-lysine sorghum and feed-grade AA, average daily gain, final body weight (linear, P < 0.10), and G:F (linear, P < 0.01) decreased as feed-grade AA increased. In summary, no differences in STTD of P or in DE and ME were observed among the grain sources. The SID AA values for the three sorghum varieties were not different; however, they were all lower than for corn. These results indicate that these varieties of sorghum can successfully replace corn in nursery pig diets if diets are formulated to account for differences in AA digestibility.

文章來源：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇
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