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引發(fā)豬群行為診斷結(jié)果變化所需要的患病豬只的數(shù)量

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農(nóng)牧科技集團(tuán)有限公司

查看次數(shù)：8296

時(shí)間：2019-06-04

Amy L. Miller，Hillary A. Dalton，Theo Kanellos，Ilias Kyriazakis
翻譯：朱滔   校對(duì)：上海亙泰實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)

      疾病是影響豬只生產(chǎn)效率和動(dòng)物福利的主要因素之一，但是早期診斷可以有效控制疾病在豬群內(nèi)的傳播。通過定期巡視，在疾病初發(fā)階段識(shí)別特定的行為變化，可以改善治療效果，從而帶來更好的診斷結(jié)果。
      本試驗(yàn)?zāi)康脑谟诖_定少數(shù)豬只生病時(shí)可觀察到的變化的關(guān)鍵群體行為。首先，我們通過全圈接種作為人工致病模型，確定在急性健康攻毒條件下哪些豬群行為發(fā)生了變化。然后我們通過三個(gè)處理組來研究引起群體行為變化所需要的最少生病豬只數(shù)量。處理組包括：對(duì)照組、低接種組（±20%豬）、高接種組（±50%豬）。
      試驗(yàn)一中全群接種引起了群體行為的變化，包括降低采食（P＜0.001）、非營(yíng)養(yǎng)性的訪問料槽（P＜0.01）、飲水（P＜0.001）、站立（P＜0.001）和圈舍玩具互動(dòng)（P＜0.001），同時(shí)躺臥率（P＜0.01）和體溫（P＜0.001）都有顯著提高，證明接種是研究急性病情的合適模型。
      試驗(yàn)二，與對(duì)照組相比，低接種組圈舍玩具互動(dòng)、站立率顯著降低（P＜0.001；P=0.064），躺臥率顯著提高，這表明這些關(guān)鍵行為可以為群體疾病早期發(fā)現(xiàn)提供重要的診斷價(jià)值。這些行為的變化可以持續(xù)到接種后的3h。但是，采食率（處理×?xí)r間：P＜0.01）只有在高接種組表現(xiàn)明顯，飲水也是同樣的趨勢(shì)（P=0.07），說明這些行為可能更合適作為疾病在群體傳播的證據(jù)。
      疾病相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵行為的鑒別對(duì)于進(jìn)一步利用圈舍傳感器為商業(yè)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)開發(fā)早期自動(dòng)警報(bào)系統(tǒng)十分關(guān)鍵。

      How many pigs within a group need to be sick to lead to a diagnostic change in the group’s behavior?
      Disease is a leading cause of diminished welfare and productivity in pig systems, but its spread among pigs within commercial herds can be limited through early detection. Identifying specific behavioral changes at the onset of disease can have a substantial diagnostic value by improving treatment success through timely intervention. Our study aimed to identify key behaviors that visibly change at the group level when only a few individuals are acutely sick. First, we quantified the behavioral changes seen during an acute health challenge in groups of pigs, using total pen vaccination as an artificial sickness model. Then we investigated the minimum proportion of sick pigs needed to detect group level behavioral changes using three treatments: a control (Con; 0% pigs), low (±20% pigs), or a high (±50% pigs) number of pigs vaccinated in the pens. Total pen vaccination in Trial 1 produced group level behavioral changes, including reduced feeding (P < 0.001), non-nutritive visits to the feeder (P < 0.01), drinking (P < 0.001), standing (P < 0.001), and interaction with pen enrichment (P < 0.001), accompanied by increased lying rates (P < 0.01) and elevated body temperatures (P < 0.001), confirming that vaccination is an appropriate model to study effects of acute sickness. In Trial 2, group level declines in interaction with the enrichment device (P< 0.001) and standing rates (P = 0.064), along with an increase in pen lying rates (P < 0.001), were apparent in the Low treatment when compared to the Con rates, which suggests these key behaviors could serve an important diagnostic value for early disease detection in groups. These changes lasted for up to 3 h post vaccination. In contrast, feeding rates (treatment × time of day: P < 0.01) only showed a decrease from the Con in the High treatment after vaccination, with pen drinking showing a similar trend (treatment: P = 0.07), suggesting that these behaviors would be more appropriate for confirming the spread of disease within a herd. Identifying key behaviors that alert to the presence of disease is critical to further refine automated early warning systems using pen level sensors for commercial pig operations.（轉(zhuǎn)自公眾號(hào)：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇）